Asertividad y convivencia escolar en adolescentes de Bogotá : su relación con el apoyo social, la autoestima y la empatía

Abstract

Esta investigación se realizó con el fin de describir cómo se correlacionan la asertividad, la autoestima, la percepción de apoyo social de acuerdo al tipo, y los niveles de empatía, en adolescentes de 14 a 16 años de Bogotá, considerando la empatía como moderadora desde la cognición social en las relaciones sociales dentro del contexto escolar. La investigación se desarrolló con una muestra de 173 personas, 92 mujeres y 79 hombres de diferentes colegios de la ciudad. Para esta se utilizaron 4 instrumentos, la Escala de Asertividad desarrollada para niños por Robert Deluty (modificada al contexto colombiano), el Cuestionario de Apoyo Social MOS (Validado en Colombia), la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg y el Índice de reactividad Interpersonal (IRI) de Davis, para medir empatía, los cuales se responden a partir de una escala tipo Likert. Los resultados permitieron identificar que la empatía no cumple un papel fundamental en la moderación de las relaciones sociales que establecen los adolescentes a partir de la cognición social, por el contrario se pudo determinar que la autoestima tiene mayor implicación en la interacción del adolescente con otros, conforme a la valoración que este tenga de sí mismo.

This research was conducted in order to describe how was the correlation between the assertiveness, the self-esteem, and also the perception of the social support according to the type and levels of empathy in adolescents with an average of ages between 14 and 16 years old from the city of Bogota. On this research it was considerate that the empathy could “work” as a social cognitive moderator by participating in this way on social relationships within the school context. The research was conducted with a sample of 173 participants, where 92 were women and 79 were men, all of them were from different schools all over the city. To evaluate the variables and their relation between them – as it was proposed in this study - there were used 4 different scales. To measure the assertiveness there were used an scale developed for asses the variable on children, created by Robert Deluty (and modified to Colombian context), to evaluate the perception of social support there were use the questionnaire of the perception of social support MOS (validated in Colombia). To asses the self-esteem, there were used the scale developed by Rosenberg, finally to measure the empathy, there were used the interpersonal reactivity index (IRI) from Davis. The results allowed to identify that empathy were not meaninful related with other study variables of this research. On the contrary, the results showed in general that the selfesteem was more involved in the interaction within adolescents. This and other results were discussed.